Recorder Home Page

Construction & Design

Compiled by Nicholas S. Lander

Acoustics

How the Recorder Works, by Philippe Bolton (France)
Comment fonctionne la flûte à bec, article de Phillipe Bolton (France)
A furulya muködése, illustrated description of recorder acoustics (in Hungarian)
Comparison between subsonic flow simulation and physical measurements of flue pipes. The flow of air and the generation of musical tones inside a soprano recorder are simulated numerically. From Panayotis A. Skordos & Gerald Jay Sussman (USA). Abstract.
Modeling flue pipes: subsonic flow, lattice Boltzmann, and parallel distributed computers. From Panayotis A. Skordos. Abstract.

Environmental & Ethical Issues

Conservation and Musical Instrument Making. Modern musical instrument makers have a new ecological responsibility. Reliable information about these issues is difficult to obtain. The sources indexed at this site supply current & accurate data needed by makers in their decisions on use of timber.
African Blackwood: Coping with the Decline of a Precious Species, from Susan E. Thompson (USA). In PDF format
African Blackwood Conservation Project, information on the use of grenadilla (Dalbergia melanoxylon, mpingo, African Blackwood) and the Mpingo Tree in general

Health Issues

Botanical Dermatology Database, electronic re-incarnation of Botanical Dermatology by John Mitchell & Arthur Rook, which was originally published in 1979 by Greengrass Ltd, Vancouver [ISBN 0-88978-047-1]
Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa (USA), contains pointers to resources of interest to instrument makers, eg on contact dermatitis
Microbiological issues in Recorder playing and mantainance by Paolo Faeti (Italy), from ERTA Newsletter, January 2006 [PDF format]
Microbiologische aspecten bij het bespelen en onderhouden van de blokfluit by Paolo Faeti (Italy), from ERTA Nieuwsbrief, November 2005 [PDF format] (in Dutch)

Materials

Octopus Wood Works (Turkey), wood for musical instruments
Steve Shook's Directory of Forest Products, Wood Science & Marketing, comprehensive link site to wood information
Tonewood Kölbl (Austria), supplier of specialist woods for musical instrument-making
Max Cropp (Germany), supplier of specialist wood for musical instrument-making
Tropical Hardwoods of Latin America (USA), supplier of wide range of specialist woods
Polymers in Woodwinds, from Polydelphia Conservatory (USA)
WoodWeb (USA), woodworking industry information
A & M Wood Specialty Ltd (Canada), supply woods for musical instrument makers
Australian Timbers and Musical Instruments (Australia)
Sá Rosas (Portugal), cork manufacturer and exporter

Original Instruments

Original Instruments, Makers & Collections, from Nicholas Lander (Australia); includes three interactive databases supported by a comprehensive bibliography:
- Original Recorders, database of more than a 1,000 original instruments held in museums and private collections around the world
- Original Recorder Makers, database of makers whose work is represented in museums and private collections around the world
- Collections of Musical Instruments, database of public and private collections around the world whose holdings include recorders
Renaissance Recorders Database, a comprehensive documentation with critical measurements, from Adrian Brown (Netherlands)
Early Wind Instruments, from C.J. Sax (France). Includes photographic images of 100s of historic recorders. Unfortunately an index is lacking.
Woodwind Instrument Makers Marks, photographic index
Les facteurs français anciens, article on French recorder makers of the 16th to 18th centuries, from Jean-Luc Manguin (in French)
Orkon, photographs and documents concerning this keyed recorder invented and marketted by Edward Jerome in the 1950s
Ganassi - Kynsecker - Bressan - Denner: Bauliche Unterschiede und ihre Auswirkungen auf die musikalische Praxis, by Stephen Blezinger (Germany), from Vortrag beim Erta-Symposium Karlsruhe (1994)
Two Stanesby Junior Tenor Fourth Flutes – a Comparison, discusses instruments from the Bate Collection (UK) and the Frans Brüggen Collection, by recorder maker Tim Cranmore (UK)

Societies, Forums & Discussion Lists

American Musical Instrument Society
Association des Collectionneurs d'Instruments de Musique à Vent, an association of enthusiast wind instruments collectors; publishes the journal Larigot
Galpin Society
Institute of Musical Instrument Technology, fosters the advance of musical instrument technology through the exchange of information and ideas, and the promotion of the professional status of members engaged in musical instrument design, manufacture, repair and marketing.
Musical Instrument Makers Forum (MIMF), interactive discussion forum for musical instrument makers of all kinds

Technical Drawings

Plan of a Bressan alto (Amsterdam: Brüggen), from S. Suzuki (Japan), based on measurements by Fred Morgan (1979)
Plan of Rippert alto (Paris: Anonymous), from Jean-François Beaudin (1986)
Hall of Woodwinds: Renaissance Recorders, computer generated images of renaissance recorders by Norman Sohl (Canada). Includes external (perspective) and internal (orthogonal cutaway) rendering.
Pörschmann-blokfløjten på Musikhistorisk Museum Beretning om en teknisk undersøgelse [The Pörschmann Recorder in Musikhistorisk Museum, Copenhagen: Report on a Technical Examination]. This article was published in Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp (ed.): Musikkens tjenere. Instrument, forsker, musiker. Jubilæumsskrift for Musikhistorisk Museum og Carl Claudius' Samling 1898-1998, Copenhagen 1998. The article is in Danish. English summary.
Technical Drawings of Musical Instruments in Public Collections of the World, from The Comité International des Museés et Collections d'Instruments de Musique (CIMCIM)in connection with a cooperative project to microfilm technical drawings of musical instruments held by 25 participating museums. This list, prepared by Rob van Acht of the Hague Gemeentemuseum, includes 50 drawings of recorders which are now available on microfiche.
Technical drawings of musical instruments, from Ture Bergstrøm (Denmark), Includes CAD drawings of alto recorder in f' at a'=415 by Johann Pörschmann (Leipzig ca. 1680-1757), Musikhistorisk Museum, Copenhagen, Inv. No. CL 417; soprano recorder from the 17th century, well suited for the music of Jacob van Eyck. Pitch: in c" at a'=500, or a little above modern d", Dean Castle, Kilmarnock, Scotland, Inv. No. 75; soprano or sopranino recorder from the 17th century, well suited for the music of Jacob van Eyck, pitch: in c" at a'=532, or a little above modern eb", private collection, Århus, Denmark. These are evaluation copies only, you must pay for full drawing file.
Alto-recorder, Johann Pörschmann, Leipzig, first half of 18th century, Inv. No. CL417. Drawing by Ture Bergstrøm 1997. From Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen – PDF file (76 KB)
Technical drawings of musical instruments on the Internet, by Ture Bergrstrøm. This article was first published in FoMRHI Quarterly, January 1999. In Danish.

Techniques & Tools

Recorder Maintenance … and Simple Tuning and Repairs, by recorder maker Tim Cranmore (UK)
How a Recorder is Made, video from YouTube
A Bass Recorder between Round and Square? Illustrated article describing how to grow your own square bass recorder, by Colin Windsor (UK)
Maintenance tips for wooden recorders (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
Conseils d'entretien pour les flütes à bec en bois, article de Phillipe Bolton (France)
Recorder tuning adjustments (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
Techniques de réglage d'accord sur la flûte à bec, article de Philippe Bolton (France)
Maintenance operations requiring removal of the block (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
Making a new block for a recorder (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
Comment fabriquer un bouchon de flûte à bec, article de Philippe Bolton (France)
Recorder Making: Report to the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia by David Tredenick, 2001 Churchill Fellow. Considers technical aspects of recorder making such as wind-way design, bore design and tuning techniques
Coming to Terms: Voicing, Intonation, Tone, Response, article by Lee Collins
Hand Tools for Recorder Making, article by Gary Cook on the tools needed to make recorders
Birth of a Recorder, visual guide to recorder-making from Gary Cook
Medieval and Renaissance Lathes, by Thomas Rettie (Canada)
Replacing waxed threads on joints, illustrated instructions from John Everingham
Wooden recorder care, from John Everingham
Blockflöten aus handwerklicher und industrieller Fertigung: Wie eine Blockflöte entsteht, script of video on recorder-making, from Bernhard Mollenhauer (in German)
Recorder making, from Bernhard Mollenhauer (in English)
Der Block - über das Einpassen und Intonieren, from Bernhard Mollenhauer (in German)
The block - The fitting of the block, from Bernhard Mollenhauer (in English)
Die Stimmung - Korrekturen an der Blockflöte, from Stephan Blezinger (in German)
Correction of Recorder Tuning and Intonation Problems, from Stephan Blezinger (in English)
On-line videos on recorder making, from Mollenhauer (Germany)
Live WebCam from the Mollenhauer shop floor (Germany)
New Recorder Tuning Device, instructions for constructing a plunger operated opening in the head joint which permits variation in tuning, dynamics and vibrato. From Craig Carmichael (Canada).
Home-made Bell Keys, from Craig Carmichael (Canada)
New F/F# woodwind key makes recorders easier to play, improves sound from Craig Carmichael (Canada)
Modifying a recorder for one-handed play, from Bobby Harell (USA)
Dick Fine Tools (Germany), high quality tools, including specialized ones for musical instrument making

References

Bibliographies

Flute Making Bibliography, by Joseph S. Wisniewski (USA), much of interest to recorder makers too!

Journals

Bouwbrief, from Charles Stroom
- Index to articles
Early Music, index of articles, from Charles Stroom
Fellowship of Makers & Restorers of Historical Instruments (FoMRHI)
- Chronological Index, contents of each Quarterly up to 90 (January 1988)
- FTP site, includes index of communications
- FoMRHI Quarterly, index of communications, from Charles Stroom
Woodwind Quarterly, a journal for woodwind repair technicians, makers, & manufacturers.
Newsletter of the American Musical Instrument Society
Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society
Galpin Society Journal, contents pages
Galpin Society Journal: Index of articles, from Charles Stroom

Books & Articles

? Author (1965). English or German fingering. (What's wrong with my Recorder?) Recorder & Music 1 (8): 247.
? Author (1965). A new 'fingering' from France. (What's wrong with my recorder?) Recorder & Music 1 (9): 278.
? Author (1985). Plan: Bressan recorder from Bate collection, Oxford. FoMRHI Quarterly 40: xx-yy
? Author (1985). Plan: Terton recorder from Haags Gemeente Museum. FoMRHI Quarterly 40: xx-yy
? Author (1993). Pinning Cracks in Woodwinds. Woodwind Quarterly 3: 72-xx.
? Author (1993). Interview with Philip Levin. Woodwind Quarterly 3: 98-xx.
? Author (1995), Tool Chest: Ferree's tone hole undercutting tools. Woodwind Quarterly 9: 79.
? Author (1995). Forum on ivory substitutes. Woodwind Quarterly 8: 36-39.
? Author (1998). Reactie: Vierkante blokfluiten. Bouwbrief 91
Achtt, R. van (1999). Acoustics of Dutch wind instruments from the baroque period. Abstract of EUCHMI/Galpin Society Conference, Edinburgh, July 1999. Describes recorders, etc by Haka, Rijkel, Boekhout, Aardenberg, Stgeenbergen, Tertonl Beukers, Heerde, etc.
Alexandra, K. (1999). The Dolmetsch Gold Series Recorder for one hand. Recorder Magazine 19 (4): 127-29.
Amman, H. (2001). Auf der Suche nach de Seele. Windkanal 4: 16-19. [PDF format]
Assendelft, L. van (1979). Het corrigeren van te lage blokfluiten. Leen van Assendelft. Bouwbrief 15.
Assendelft, L. van (1999). Een grote vierkante blokfluit. Bouwbrief 94.
Backus, J. (1969/1977). The Acoustical Foundations of Music: Musical Sound; its Properties, Production, Behavior, and Reproduction. Second Edn. Norton, New York. ISBN 0-393-09096-5
Beaudin, J-F. (1988). New plans of old flutes. The Recorder (Australia) 8: 22-25.
Beaudin, J-F (1998). Liste de Releves de Flutes Baroques. Author: 312, chemin Richford, Frelighsburg, Québec, Canada, JOJ-1CO.
Beckwith, G. (1996). Cleaning and oiling. Woodwind Quarterly 12: 7-10.
Beekhuizen, P. (1980). Blokfluit commentaar (op BB-16-14). Bouwbrief 17.
Beha Joof, L. (1985). Recorder voicing and tuning and use of the tuning machine. The American Recorder 26 (4): 155-159.
Bergstrøm, T. (1999). Two more recorders for the music of van Eyck. Abstract of EUCHMI/Galpin Societ Conference, Edinburgh, July 1999. Describes two instruments from Scotland and Denmark.
Bergstrøm, T. (1999). Technical drawings of musical instruments on the Internet. FoMRHI Quarterly 94, January. In Danish.
Bergstrøm, T. (1998). Pörschmann-blokfløjten på Musikhistorisk Museum Beretning om en teknisk undersøgelse [The Pörschmann Recorder in Musikhistorisk Museum, Copenhagen: Report on a Technical Examination]. In Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp (ed.): Musikkens tjenere. Instrument, forsker, musiker. Jubilæumsskrift for Musikhistorisk Museum og Carl Claudius' Samling 1898-1998, Copenhagen 1998. English summary.
Bemelmans, A. (1981). Het afwerken en opbergen van de buitenkant van een oude blokfluit. Bouwbrief 21.
Benade, A.H. (1960). The physics of woodwinds. Scientific American 102 (4): 145-154.
Benade, A.H. (1976). Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN: 0-486-26484-X.
Bergstrøm Plan: Bass recorder, Bergstrøm. FoMRHI Quarterly 43: xx-yy.
Bingham, T. (19??). Abrigements of Patent Specifications for Music and Musical Instruments A.D. 1694-1866. Tony Bingham, London.
Bitters, D.L. (1981). Hand crafting recorders: A visit to the workshop of Clarence James. The American Recorder: 20(1): 72-73.
Blezinger, S. (1998). Ganassi-Kynsekker-Bressan-Denner: Bauliche unterschiede und Ihre Auswirkungen auf die muikalische Praxis. " [Ganassi, Kynseker, Bressan, Denner: constructional differences and their consequences for musical practice.] Tibia 23 (1): 77-78; 23 (2): 158-159; 23 (4): 340-341.
Blezinger, S. (2001) Stimmungskorrekturen an der Blockflöte: Teil 1. Windkanal 4: 12-15.[PDF format]
Blezinger, S. (2001) Stimmungskorrekturen an der Blockflöte: Teil 2. Windkanal 1: 13-17. [PDF format]
Bloodworth, D. (1992). A new design of bass recorder. The Recorder Magazine12(1): 3-5.
Bloodworth, D. (1994) The Lockwood great bass recorder. Recorder Magazine 14 (1): 13.
Boelens, B. (1980). Ervaringen met het corrigeren van te lage blokfluiten volgens Leen van Assendelft (Bouwbrief 15-16). Bouwbrief 17.
Bolton, P. (1982). Les bois dont on fait les flûtes. [The woods of which recorders are made.] Flûte à bec 3: 13-15.
Bolton, P. (1982-1983). Remplacer le bouchon de sa flûte à bec pour lui donner une nouvelle voix. Flûte à bec 4 (1982), 5 (1982) & 6 (1983).
Bolton, P. (1984). La flûte à bec. Flûte à & instruments anciens 13/14: 2-3. Copies obtainable from the author at Le Grand Portail, F-84570, Villes-sur-Auzon, France.
Bolton, P. (1984). Mesurer une flûte ancienne. Flûte à bec & instruments anciens 17: 12-16. Copies obtainable from the author at Le Grand Portail, F-84570, Villes-sur-Auzon, France.
Bolton, P. (1996). Resonans – A tool for the woodwind designer. Woodwind Quarterly 11: 60-xx.
Bolton, P. (1998). The electroacoustic recorder. Recorder Magazine 18 (1): 6.
Bolton, P. (2000). Van boom tot fluit. In Chevallier & Immerseel (2000: 113-120).
Bolton, P. (2005). XVIIth century recorder fingerings (Ganassi or pre-baroque). Recorder Magazine 25(1): 7-12.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1978). Enkele hulpmiddelen voor het maken van blokfluiten (binnen boring, verstelbare ruimer, binnen beitel, spinnekop, luchtspleet). Bouwbrief 10.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1978). Meetgegevens Terton alt blokfluit Haags Gemeentemuseum. Bouwbrief 11.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1980). Tekeningen: Correcties op bestaande blokfluit en traverso tekeningen. Bouwbrief 19.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1981). Blokfluit bouw: mijn belangrijkste fouten en de correcties. Bouwbrief 23.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1985). Tekeningen: van blokfluiten, traverso's en een hobo. Bouwbrief 37.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1985). Communication 641: The microwave way: drying boxwood fast and easy. FoMRHI Quarterly 40: xx-yy
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1989). Maten van een barok alt blokfluit in moderne stemming (gebaseerd op een fluit van Thomas Stanesby). Bouwbrief 55.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1991). Communication 1037: The descriptions of the Dutch recorders in the collection of the Haags Gemeente Museum. Bouterse. FoMRHI Quarterly 63: xx-yy
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1991). Communication 1052: Dutch recorders and transverse flutes of the 17th and 18th century. (list of instruments, July 1991). FoMRHI Quarterly 64: xx-yy
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1993). Three baroque soprano recorders by Richard Haka: Instructions on how to make a copy. Woodwind Quarterly 1: 120-134.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1993). Drie barok sopraan blokfluiten van Richard Haka; tips voor het maken van een copie (uitgebreid). Bouwbrief 70.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1994). Vergroten en verkleinen van blokfluiten. Bouwbrief 73.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1994). Scaling and making new joints for recorders. Woodwind Quartely 4: 80-90.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1996). More on nitric acid staining. Woodwind Quarterly 10:12-xx.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1996). How accurate and understandable are measurements of Woodwind Instruments? FoMRHI Quarterly 83: 46-52.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Dordrecht sopraan blokfluit (cursus aankondiging). Boubrief 88
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Communication 1555: Short vs long foot recorders. FoMRHI Quarterly
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Alternative fingerings for long-foot baroque recorders. FoMRHI Quarterly 90: 26-29.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Communication 1569: The alto recorders of Steenbergen. FoMRHI Quarterly 91: 19-27.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Plan: Alto recorder Steenbergen Groninger Museum (in C-1569). FoMRHI Quarterly 91: xx-yy.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1999). Bespreking: Thomas Lerch: Vergelijkend onderzoek aan borings profielen van barok blokfluiten. Bouwbrief 95.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2000). Naar een nieuwe blokfluit. Bouwbrief 97.
Bouterse, J (?date). Die Blockflöte. Tips für Anschaffung und Pflege, Stimmkorrekturen und Reparaturen. Edition Moeck 4058, Celle. ISBN 3-87549-055-X.
Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2008). Fluitenbouw - Handleiding voor het Maken van Houtblaasinstrumenten. Published by the author, Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands. 350 pp. See here and there for more details.
Bowman, P. (1994). The birth of a truly contemporary recorder. Recorder Magazine 15(4): 126-127.
Brown, A. (1997). Cuidado y Mantenimiento de la Flauta de Pico. 1^a parte. Revista de Flauta de Pico 8: 15-18 (1997).
Brach, M. (1990). Communication 987: On three well-porportioned alto recorders. FoMRHI Quarterly 60: 35-40.
Brach, M. (1990). Communication 1007: How to design a recorder. FoMRHI Quarterly 61: 40-47.
Brach, M. (1993). Von der alten Kunst, 'auff allerhand Arth' Blockflöten zu entwerfen. [On the ancient art of designing recorders of 'sundry kinds'.] Tibia 18(4): 1993: 610-616.
Brach, M. (1993). Abraham van Aardenberg's Zeichenmethode (blokfluiten). Bouwbrief 68.
Brown, A. (1989). The Recorder: A Basic Workshop Manual. Dolce, Brighton.
Brown, A. (1989/2009). The Recorder: A Basic Workshop Manual. Dolce DOL 112, Brighton.
Brown, A. (1998). Cuidado y mantenimiento de la flauta de pico. 2^a parte. Revista de Flauta de Pico 10: 17-21.
Brown, A. (2005). Die "Ganassiflöte" – Tatsachen und Legenden. Tibia 4/2005.
Brown, A. (2006). The Ganassi recorder: separating fact from fiction. American Recorder 47(5): 11-18.
Bruns, M. (2005). Holz – Werkstoff für den Flötenbau. Tibia 2/2005.
Burger, H-J. (2001). Synpor – oder die Kunst des Erfindens. Windkanal 2: 14-18(2001) [PDF format]
Carmichael, C. (1999). Dynamics – and tremolo, too! Recorder Magazine 19(4): 131-133.
Castillon, Fr. (1777). Art du faiseru d'instrument. In Diderot et D'Alembert, Encylopédie Méthodique. Paris.
Catterall, C. (2000). An improved wooden bodied bore reamer. FoMRHI Quarterly, Communication 1731: 13-16.
Chevallier, C. & J. van Immerseel (2000). Maatière et musique: The Cluny Encounter on Instrument Making and Restoration, Cluny 1999. Labo 19, Antwerp.
Clark, P. (1991). Eurobore. The Recorder Magazine 11(4): 115-117.
Colebrook, A. (2001). Communication 1764: A synthetic finish for recorder bores. Colebrook. FoMRHI Quarterly 104: 16.
Cook, G. (1997). Medieval Recorder. The Woodturner 1(4): 50-55. Nexus Special Interests Limited, Nexus House, Boundary Way, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 7ST, England, tel. +44 1442 266551, fax. +44 1442 266998. North American agents for Nexus are: Wise Owl Worldwide Publications, tel. +1 310-357-6258 or fax. (USA) +1 310-357-0548.
Coune, C. (1997). Sur les chemins du baroque et du jazz . . . Le facteur de flˆtes à bec, Philippe Bolton, a créé une flûte électro- acoustique. <http://home.pi.be/~tor-4879/bolton.htm> Accessed 12 July 2003.
Cranmore, T. (2009). Obedience Training for Recoders, a Care and Maintenance Manual. Peacock Press, Hebden Bridge. ISBN 978-1-904846-37-6.
Davidson, M. (1975). Observations on the relation between wood and tone quality in recorders. American Recorder 16(3): 88-90.
Deerenberg, B. (1987). Verslag: Blokfluit bouw volgens 18^e eeuw principes (cursus Sverre Kolberg). Bouwbrief 46.
Deitch, D. (1994). Repairing tenon sockets. Woodwind Quarterly 5: 55.
Ders (1978). Zur Nachgeschichte und Renaissance der Blockflöte. Tibia 2/3: 13-20.
Dessy, R. & L. (1992). The principles of recorder design explained. American Recorder 33(2): 7-14.
Dessy, R. (1995). A Primer for acid wood staining. Woodwind Quarterly 9: 74-78.
Dessy, R. (1995). More on Nitric Acid Staining. Woodwind Quarterly 10: 12-xx.
Dessy, R. & L. (1996). Wood, oil & water. Woodwind Quarterly 11: 20-xx.
Dessy, R. & L. (1996). Response to readers on 'Wood, oil & water'. Woodwind Quarterly 12: 18-24.
Dessy, R. Sound-Off: Recorder Mikes: What Sounds Good, Is Good! Ray Dessy (USA) [PDF format]
Diderot et D'Alembert (1751-1772). Encylopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts e des Métiers. Paris. Planche. X, Lutherie, Outils à l'usage de ceux qui font les instruments à vent; Planche, X.bis., Tour à l'usage des faiseurs d'instruments à vent, comme flûte, hautbois, musette, &c. Reproduced in The Manufacture of Musical Instruments. Tansl. Helen Tullberg. Picton Publishing, Chippenham (1975), ISBN 0 902633414.
Dolmetsch, C. (1970). Is there magic in wood? Recorder & Music Magazine 3(6): 217.
Duhot, J.-J. (1986). Facture, resauration, recherche: Claire Soubeyran. Flüte à bec & Instruments Anciens 17: 18-21.
Dunn, J. (1999). Harmonics and Fingering. Recorder Magazine 19(3): 106.
Edfors, J. (199?). Woodwind Instruments from PVC.
Eijken, E. (1987). Verslag: Stemmingen en klank beïnvloeding bij de blokfluit (cursus Adri Breuking). Bouwbrief 46.
Epstein, J. (1989). Profile: Georg Gieger. The Recorder (Australia). 9: 20-23.
Ettlin, A. (1993). Gerhard Hüber, Blockflötenbau Hoeren: ein Firmenporträt. Zeitschrift SAJM 21(6): 35-42.
Fajardo, R.J. (1970). Enhancing the recorder sound. Recorder & Music Magazine 3(5): 172-174.
Fajardo, R.J. (1971). How to improve your recorder. Recorder & Music Magazine 3(12): 443-445.
Felder, D. (1994). Zur Entwicklung der Blockflöte im 20. Jahrhundert. Zeitschrift SAJM 21: (1, 2, 3, 4 & 6).
Fischer, J. (1996). Hat die zukunft im blockflötenbau beretis begonnen? Üben & Musizieren 6: 51-53. English translation: Has the Future of Recorder Construction Already Arrived?
Fletcher, N. & Rossing, T. (1998). The Physics of Musical Instruments. Edn. 2. Springer, New York.
Green, D. (1996). Maarten Helder Harmonic Recorder: A new tenor recorder for the performance of contemporary music. Chrestologia 23(3): 10-12.
Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1983). Plants and Plant Products of Economic Importance – Terminology Bulletin. FAO, Rome.
Gebler, J. (1995). Diagnosing woodwind bores, Part I. Woodwind Quarterly 10: 68-xx.
Gebler, J. (1996). Diagnosing woodwind bores, Part II. Woodwind Quarterly 11: 48-xx.
Gebler, J. (1996). Diagnosing woodwind bores, Part III: Getting to work. Woodwind Quarterly 12: 46-60.
Geiger, Georg (1992). The compleat recorder para-medic; or, how to put a recorder in trim while keeping your sanity, Part 1. The Recorder: Australia's Journal of Recorder and Early Music 15: 19-23.
Geiger, Georg (1992). The compleat recorder para-medic. Part 2. The Recorder (Australia) 16: 18-22.
Geissmann, A. (1990). Der Blckflötenbau in der Schweiz. Tibia 15(1): 43-44.
Godby, P.J. (1996). Reflections of a right-handed recorder player. American Recorder 37 (1): 11-13.
Godby, P.J. (2002). A new tenor for Paul Godby. American Recorder 43 (3): 16-17.
Goembel, L.(1994). Reaming tapered bores & making mortises for recorders. Woodwind Quarterly 6: 60-70.
Goembel, L. (1995). Making a recorder. Woodwind Quarterly 8: 58-83.
Goembel, L. (1995). Recorder making at Moeck. Woodwind Quarterly 10: 10-36.
Godman, S. (1959). Francis William Galpin: Music maker. The Galpin Society Journal 12: 12.
Griscom, R. & D. Lasocki (1994). The "Ganassi" recorder controversy: A cautionary tale. In Griscom, R. & D. Lasocki (1994: 153-57).
Griscom, R. & D. Lasocki (1994). The Recorder: A Guide to Writings about the Instrument for Players and Researchers. Garland Publishing, New York & London.
Haase, R. (2005). Computertomographie – eine moderne Methode zur exakten Vermessung von Blockflöten. Tibia 4/ 2005.
Hailperin (1997). Communication 1505. Goodacre's razor and undercutting woodwind finger holes. FoMRHI Quarterly 87: xx-yy.
Halbig, H. (1924). Geschichte der Klappen en Flöten und Rohrblattinstrumenten bis zum Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. [The history of keys on woodwind instruments to the beginning of the 18th century.] Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 6: 1-53.
Halfpenny, E. (1956). The English baroque treble recorder. The Galpin Society Journal 9: 82-90.
Hamoen, D.J. (1986). Verslag: Blokfluit technologie uit de 18e eeuw, de cursus van Sverre Kolberg. Bouwbrief 43
Hausen, B. (1981). Woods Injurious to Human Health. Berlin, New York.
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Loretto, A.V. (1980-1981). Op zoek naar een blokfluit met meer uitdrukkingsmogelijkheden. Bouwbrief 19 (1980), 20 (1981), 21 (1981).
Loretto, A.V. [& Hunt, E.] (1984). An interview with Alec Loretto. Recorder & Music 8 (1): 6-9.
Loretto, A.V. (1985). Improvements or modifications: Which? Recorder & Music Magazine 8 (8): 236-238.
Loretto, A.V. (1985). A Reply to Dr Hermann Moeck. Recorder & Music Magazine 8 (11): xx-xx.
Loretto, A.V. (1986). When is a Ganassi recorder not a Ganassi recorder? American Recorder 27 (2): 64-66.
Loretto, A.V. (1986). When is a Ganassi recorder not a Ganassi recorder? Early Music New Zealand 2 (2): 3-8.
Loretto, A.V. (1987). So you'd like to become a recorder maker, or, Come on in - the water's fine! American Recorder 27 (3): 101-103.
Loretto, A.V. (1987). Establishing historic instruments: A conversation in Auckland with Alec Loretto. Early Music New Zealand 3 (2): 22-227).
Loretto, A.V. (1989). Self inflicted injuries and the average recorder player. Recorder & Music Magazine 9 (2): 34-35.
Loretto, A.V. (1989). When is a Ganassi recorder not a Ganassi recorder? Recorder & Music Magazine 9 (10): 288-291.
Loretto, A.V. (1989). Furniture and recorders: The problems with making copies. American Recorder 30 (4): 143-144.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). Yet more on tuning recorders - Part 1. Recorder Magazine 10 (1): 2-4.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). Yet more on tuning recorders - Part 2. Recorder Magazine 10 (2): 30-31.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). A Ganassi Model Recorder in Vienna. Recorder Magazine 10 (2): 35-38. Formal publication of Loretto (1974, 1978).
Loretto, A.V. (1990). A new angle on finger holes. Recorder Magazine 10 (3): 64-66.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). Eurobore - Some responses. Recorder Magazine 11 (1): xx-xx.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). The Ganassi Affair: An Overlong Melodramatic Comedy. Self-published, Auckland.
Loretto, A.V. & E. van Weerd (1990). Where have all the Ganassi recorders gone? Bouwbrief, November: 7-10.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). Communication 953: FoMRHI members teaching in Prague [making recorders and flutes]. FoMHRHI Quarterly 58.
Loretto, A.V. (1990). Communication 954: The Prague Bressan Bocal. FoMHRHI Quarterly 58.
Loretto, A.V. (1991). Communication 1019: How recorders can improve with time. FoMRHI Quarterly 62: 18.
Loretto, A.V. (1992). Communication 1118: Addendun to Communication 1111. What is a 'copy' of an original instrument. FoMHRHI Quarterly 69.
Loretto, A.V. (1993). Plastic recorders. Recorder Magazine 13 (1): 3-4, 8.
Loretto, A.V. (1993). Happy birthday, whenever that might be or Is there a musicologist in the house? Recorder Magazine 14 (4): xx- .
Loretto, A.V. (1993). Communication 1993: C1161 Reamers – hollow. FoMHRHI Quarterly 71.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Don't judge a book by its cover and don't judge recorder bores by outside shapes. Recorder Magazine 15 (1): 11-12.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Where have all the Ganassi recorders gone? Woodwind Quarterly 8: 28-32.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). A-440 and other matters. Woodwind Quarterly 8: 94-96.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Recorder bore measuring. Woodwind Quarterly 9: 38-41; FoMRHI Quarterly 79: 64-67.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Using modified telescopic bore gauges for recorder bore measuring. Woodwind Quarterly 79: 42-43.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Communication 1353: Determining the step size of a recorder. FoMHRHI Quarterly 79.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Communication 1368: Reply to Communication 1333. David Lasocki's Ganassi controversy. FoMHRHI Quarterly 80.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Communication 1369: William who, from where?? FoMHRHI Quarterly 80.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Communication 1370: Recorder writings. FoMHRHI Quarterly 80.
Loretto, A.V. (1995). Communication 1389: An explanation to Communication 1370. FoMHRHI Quarterly 81.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Undercutting tone holes. Woodwind Quarterly 12: 112-114.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Determining the step size of a recorder. Woodwind Quarterly 13: 70-71.
Loretto, A.V. (199?). Problems With A-440Hz. Woodwind Quarterly 14: 52-54.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Make your own recorder in C at a-440Hz. Recorder Magazine 16 (3): 92-95.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Tuning Your Square Medieval Recorder. Recorder Magazine 16 (4): 130-132.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). How Accurate Need Facts Be? Recorder Magazine 16 (4): 135-137.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Communication 1409: The Ganassi Bell Diameter. FoMHRHI Quarterly 82.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Communication 1431: Recorder woods – do they influence the sound? FoMHRHI Quarterly 83: 36-38.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Communication 1434: Chiverton's Ockham bang. FoMHRHI Quarterly 83.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Communication 1485: Dividing a circumference into five. FoMHRHI Quarterly 85.
Loretto, A.V. (1996). Bouw je eigen blokfluit, deel 1. Bouwbrief 83.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Bouw je eigen blokfluit, deel 2. Boubrief 84.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Well! Whoever would of thought of that? Recorder Magazine 17 (1):3-8.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Letter: Bell Key Fingering. Recorder Magazine 17 (1): 31.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). A few words about blocks. Recorder Magazine 17 (1): 32.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Communication 1506: Response to Communication 1500 [recorder patents]. FoMHRHI Quarterly 87.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Communication 1507: Response to messrs Heavens and Segerman (Communication 1485). FoMHRHI Quarterly 87.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Communication 1508: Recorder window size. FoMRHI Quarterly 87: 18.
Loretto, A.V. (1997). Communication 1540: Recorder voicing. FoMRHI Quarterly 89: 29-35.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Bouw je eigen blokfluit (een vierkante). Bouwbrief -89.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Make your own medieval treble recorder in F. Recorder Magazine 18 (1): 8-9.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Recorder Woods - Do They Influence the Sound? Recorder Magazine 18 (2): 48-49. Letters by David Brancher and Bill Cartwright 18 (3): 109-110.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Some basic recorder design problems. Recorder Magazine 18 (3): 91-92.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Recorder fingerings. FoMRHI Quarterly 90: 30.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Recorder Voicing. Woodwind Quarterly 15.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Communication 1585: Recorder fingerings in print. FoMRHI Quarterly 92.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Communication 1586: Long and short recorder feet. FoMRHI Quarterly 92: 22-24.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Communication 1601: The term 'transitional recorder'. FoMRHI Quarterly 93.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Communication 1602: Recorder research. FoMRHI Quarterly 93.
Loretto, A.V. (1998). Communication 1570: Catajo and Ganassi – an Italian castle and a flauto dolce. FoMRHI Quarterly 91: 28-30.
Loretto, A.V. (1999). Letters to the Editor: Bell Keys. Recorder Magazine 18 (4): 156-157.
Loretto, A.V. (1999). Recorder Woods. Do They Influence the Sound? Woodwind Quarterly 18.
Loretto, A.V. (1999). Good bores, frightful bores, and the recorder. Abstract of EUCHMI/Galpin Society Conference, Edinburgh, July 1999.
Loretto, A.V. (1999). Catajo and Ganassi - an Italian Castle and a Flauto Dolce. Recorder Magazine 19 (2): 156-157.
Loretto, A.V. (1999). Communication 1613: Maltreatment of instruments. FoMRHI Quarterly 94.
Loretto, A.V. (1999). Communication 1625: Musical instrument cases. FoMRHI Quarterly 95.
Loretto, A.V. (2000). Removing the recorder's block and replacing it. Recorder Magazine 20(2): 56-57.
Loretto, A.V. (2000). Communication 1705: Removing and replacing recorder blocks. Loretto. FoMRHI Quarterly 99.
Loretto, A.V. (2000). Communication 1740: Tuning recorders by modifying the bore. FoMRHI Quarterly 102.
Loretto, A.V. (2000). Communication 1741: Recorder dynamics. FoMRHI Quarterly 102.
Loretto, A.V. (2001). Noise, windways and chamfers: Some recent computerised findings. Recorder Magazine 21a: 138-140.
Loretto, A.V. (2001). Communication 1763: Double chamfers. Loretto. FoMHRI Quarterly 104: 14-16.
Loretto, A.V. (2003). Double chamfers. Recorder Magazine 23(2): 50
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