Recorder Home Page

Construction & Design

Compiled by Nicholas S. Lander

Acoustics

• How the Recorder Works, by Philippe Bolton (France)
• Comment fonctionne la flûte à bec, article de Phillipe Bolton (France)
• A furulya muködése, illustrated description of recorder acoustics (in Hungarian)
• Comparison between subsonic flow simulation and physical measurements of flue pipes. The flow of air and the generation of musical tones inside a soprano recorder are simulated numerically. From Panayotis A. Skordos & Gerald Jay Sussman (USA). Abstract.
• Modeling flue pipes: subsonic flow, lattice Boltzmann, and parallel distributed computers. From Panayotis A. Skordos. Abstract.

Environmental & Ethical Issues

• Conservation and Musical Instrument Making. Modern musical instrument makers have a new ecological responsibility. Reliable information about these issues is difficult to obtain. The sources indexed at this site supply current & accurate data needed by makers in their decisions on use of timber.
• African Blackwood: Coping with the Decline of a Precious Species, from Susan E. Thompson (USA). In PDF format
• African Blackwood Conservation Project, information on the use of grenadilla (Dalbergia melanoxylon, mpingo, African Blackwood) and the Mpingo Tree in general

Health Issues

• Botanical Dermatology Database, electronic re-incarnation of Botanical Dermatology by John Mitchell & Arthur Rook, which was originally published in 1979 by Greengrass Ltd, Vancouver [ISBN 0-88978-047-1]
• Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa (USA), contains pointers to resources of interest to instrument makers, eg on contact dermatitis
• Microbiological issues in Recorder playing and mantainance by Paolo Faeti (Italy), from ERTA Newsletter, January 2006 [PDF format]
• Microbiologische aspecten bij het bespelen en onderhouden van de blokfluit by Paolo Faeti (Italy), from ERTA Nieuwsbrief, November 2005 [PDF format] (in Dutch)

Materials

• Stabilsed cedar for making recorder blocks, supplier to a number of recorder makes in France, England and Germany, from Arthur Gohin (France)
• Octopus Wood Works (Turkey), wood for musical instruments
• Steve Shook's Directory of Forest Products, Wood Science & Marketing, comprehensive link site to wood information
• Tonewood Kölbl (Austria), supplier of specialist woods for musical instrument-making
• Max Cropp (Germany), supplier of specialist wood for musical instrument-making
• Tropical Hardwoods of Latin America (USA), supplier of wide range of specialist woods
• Polymers in Woodwinds, from Polydelphia Conservatory (USA)
• WoodWeb (USA), woodworking industry information
• A & M Wood Specialty Ltd (Canada), supply woods for musical instrument makers
• Australian Timbers and Musical Instruments (Australia)
• Sá Rosas (Portugal), cork manufacturer and exporter
• Un Flauto Dolce con Testa in Ceramica, from Francesco Li Virghi (Italy)
• Ceramic Head Recorder, from Francesco Li Virghi (Italy)

Original Instruments

• Original Instruments, Makers & Collections, from Nicholas Lander (Australia); includes three interactive databases supported by a comprehensive bibliography:
  • Original Recorders, database of more than a 1,000 original instruments held in museums and private collections around the world
  • Original Recorder Makers, database of makers whose work is represented in museums and private collections around the world
  • Collections of Musical Instruments, database of public and private collections around the world whose holdings include recorders
• Eine Sopranblockflöte von J.B. Gahn, by Heinz Amman (Switzerland); from Windkanal 2: 12-14 (2002)
• Renaissance Recorders Database, a comprehensive documentation with critical measurements, from Adrian Brown (Netherlands)
• Les facteurs français anciens, article on French recorder makers of the 16th to 18th centuries, from Jean-Luc Manguin (in French)
• Orkon, photographs and documents concerning this keyed recorder invented and marketted by Edward Jerome in the 1950s
• Ganassi - Kynsecker - Bressan - Denner: Bauliche Unterschiede und ihre Auswirkungen auf die musikalische Praxis, by Stephen Blezinger (Germany), from Vortrag beim Erta-Symposium Karlsruhe (1994)
• Ganassi - Kynsecker - Bressan - Denner: Bouwkundige verschillen en de invloeden op de muzikale praktijk, by Stephen Blezinger (Germany), English translation of above article
• Ganassi - Kynsecker - Bressan - Denner: Structural differences and their effects on musical practice, by Stephen Blezinger (Germany), Dutsch translation of above articel
• Two Stanesby Junior Tenor Fourth Flutes – a Comparison, discusses instruments from the Bate Collection (UK) and the Frans Brüggen Collection, by recorder maker Tim Cranmore (UK)

Societies, Forums & Discussion Lists

• American Musical Instrument Society
• Association des Collectionneurs d'Instruments de Musique à Vent, an association of enthusiast wind instruments collectors; publishes the journal Larigot
• Galpin Society
• Institute of Musical Instrument Technology, fosters the advance of musical instrument technology through the exchange of information and ideas, and the promotion of the professional status of members engaged in musical instrument design, manufacture, repair and marketing.
• Musical Instrument Makers Forum (MIMF), interactive discussion forum for musical instrument makers of all kinds

Technical Drawings

• Saunders, J. (2010). To Research Original Tenor Recorders in Order to Design and Make New Instruments Based on Historical Models. Report to the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Australia. Includes detailed drawings.
• Plan of a Bressan alto (Amsterdam: Brüggen), from S. Suzuki (Japan), based on measurements by Fred Morgan (1979)
• Plan of Rippert alto (Paris: Anonymous), from Jean-François Beaudin (1986)
• Hall of Woodwinds: Renaissance Recorders, computer generated images of renaissance recorders by Norman Sohl (Canada). Includes external (perspective) and internal (orthogonal cutaway) rendering.
• Pörschmann-blokfløjten på Musikhistorisk Museum Beretning om en teknisk undersøgelse [The Pörschmann Recorder in Musikhistorisk Museum, Copenhagen: Report on a Technical Examination]. This article was published in Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp (ed.): Musikkens tjenere. Instrument, forsker, musiker. Jubilæumsskrift for Musikhistorisk Museum og Carl Claudius' Samling 1898-1998, Copenhagen 1998. The article is in Danish. English summary.
• Technical Drawings of Musical Instruments in Public Collections of the World, from The Comité International des Museés et Collections d'Instruments de Musique (CIMCIM)in connection with a cooperative project to microfilm technical drawings of musical instruments held by 25 participating museums. This list, prepared by Rob van Acht of the Hague Gemeentemuseum, includes 50 drawings of recorders which are now available on microfiche.
• Technical drawings of musical instruments, from Ture Bergstrøm (Denmark), Includes CAD drawings of alto recorder in f' at a'=415 by Johann Pörschmann (Leipzig ca. 1680-1757), Musikhistorisk Museum, Copenhagen, Inv. No. CL 417; soprano recorder from the 17th century, well suited for the music of Jacob van Eyck. Pitch: in c" at a'=500, or a little above modern d", Dean Castle, Kilmarnock, Scotland, Inv. No. 75; soprano or sopranino recorder from the 17th century, well suited for the music of Jacob van Eyck, pitch: in c" at a'=532, or a little above modern eb", private collection, Århus, Denmark. These are evaluation copies only, you must pay for full drawing file.
• Alto-recorder, Johann Pörschmann, Leipzig, first half of 18th century, Inv. No. CL417. Drawing by Ture Bergstrøm 1997. From Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen – PDF file (76 KB)
• Technical drawings of musical instruments on the Internet, by Ture Bergrstrøm. This article was first published in FoMRHI Quarterly, January 1999. In Danish.

Techniques & Tools

• Giacomo Andreola: … da un pezzo di legno! By Heinrich von Trotta, from Minima Musicalia, September 2005 (in Italian)
• Het maken van een kop voor een altblokfluit, by Jan Bouterse (Netherlands)
  • Deel 1: boren en ruimen van de 'werkkop'
  • Deel 2: het draaien van de werkkop en het voorbereidende werk voor het maken van venster en windkanaal
  • Deel 3: het afdraaien van de 'werkkop'
• Recorder Maintenance … and Simple Tuning and Repairs, by recorder maker Tim Cranmore (UK)
• How a Recorder is Made, video from YouTube
• A Bass Recorder between Round and Square? Illustrated article describing how to grow your own square bass recorder, by Colin Windsor (UK)
• Maintenance tips for wooden recorders (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
• Conseils d'entretien pour les flütes à bec en bois, article de Phillipe Bolton (France)
• Recorder tuning adjustments (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
• Techniques de réglage d'accord sur la flûte à bec, article de Philippe Bolton (France)
• Maintenance operations requiring removal of the block (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
• Making a new block for a recorder (illustrated), from Philippe Bolton (France)
• Comment fabriquer un bouchon de flûte à bec, article de Philippe Bolton (France)
• Recorder Making: Report to the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia by David Tredenick, 2001 Churchill Fellow. Considers technical aspects of recorder making such as wind-way design, bore design and tuning techniques
• Coming to Terms: Voicing, Intonation, Tone, Response, article by Lee Collins
• Hand Tools for Recorder Making, article by Gary Cook on the tools needed to make recorders
• Birth of a Recorder, visual guide to recorder-making from Gary Cook
• Medieval and Renaissance Lathes, by Thomas Rettie (Canada)
• Replacing waxed threads on joints, illustrated instructions from John Everingham
• Ölquellen (2003). Historische Anmerkungen über Blockflötenpflege, Windkanal 3/2003.
• Wooden recorder care, from John Everingham
• Home-made Bell Keys, from Craig Carmichael (Canada)
• Dictum (Germany), high quality tools, including specialized ones for musical instrument making
• A flauta doce no laboratório de música eletroacústica, experiments with the electro-acoustic recorder, from Helcio Müller (Brasil), in Portuguese

References

• Flute Making Bibliography, by Joseph S. Wisniewski (USA), much of interest to recorder makers too!

• Bouwerskontact, forum for instrument makers
  • Bouwbrief, Index to articles, from Charles Stroom
• Early Music, index of articles up to 2007, from Charles Stroom
• Fellowship of Makers & Restorers of Historical Instruments (FoMRHI)
  • Scanned FoMHRI bulletins, issue 1–115
  • FoMRHI Quarterly, complete index of communications, from Charles Stroom
• Woodwind Quarterly, a journal for woodwind repair technicians, makers, & manufacturers.
• Newsletter of the American Musical Instrument Society
• Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society
• Galpin Society Journal, contents pages
• Galpin Society Journal: Index of articles, from Charles Stroom

• ? Author (1965). English or German fingering. (What's wrong with my Recorder?) Recorder & Music 1 (8): 247.
• ? Author (1965). A new 'fingering' from France. (What's wrong with my recorder?) Recorder & Music 1 (9): 278.
• ? Author (1985). Plan: Bressan recorder from Bate collection, Oxford. FoMRHI Quarterly 40: xx-yy
• ? Author (1985). Plan: Terton recorder from Haags Gemeente Museum. FoMRHI Quarterly 40: xx-yy
• ? Author (1993). Pinning Cracks in Woodwinds. Woodwind Quarterly 3: 72-xx.
• ? Author (1993). Interview with Philip Levin. Woodwind Quarterly 3: 98-xx.
• ? Author (1995), Tool Chest: Ferree's tone hole undercutting tools. Woodwind Quarterly 9: 79.
• ? Author (1995). Forum on ivory substitutes. Woodwind Quarterly 8: 36-39.
• ? Author (1998). Reactie: Vierkante blokfluiten. Bouwbrief 91
• Achtt, R. van (1999). Acoustics of Dutch wind instruments from the baroque period. Abstract of EUCHMI/Galpin Society Conference, Edinburgh, July 1999. Describes recorders, etc by Haka, Rijkel, Boekhout, Aardenberg, Stgeenbergen, Tertonl Beukers, Heerde, etc.
• Alexandra, K. (1999). The Dolmetsch Gold Series Recorder for one hand. Recorder Magazine 19 (4): 127-29.
• Amman, H. (2001). Auf der Suche nach de Seele. Windkanal 4: 16-19. [PDF format]
• Assendelft, L. van (1979). Het corrigeren van te lage blokfluiten. Leen van Assendelft. Bouwbrief 15.
• Assendelft, L. van (1999). Een grote vierkante blokfluit. Bouwbrief 94.
• Backus, J. (1969/1977). The Acoustical Foundations of Music: Musical Sound; its Properties, Production, Behavior, and Reproduction. Second Edn. Norton, New York. ISBN 0-393-09096-5
• Beaudin, J-F. (1988). New plans of old flutes. The Recorder (Australia) 8: 22-25.
• Beaudin, J-F (1998). Liste de Releves de Flutes Baroques. Author: 312, chemin Richford, Frelighsburg, Québec, Canada, JOJ-1CO.
• Beckwith, G. (1996). Cleaning and oiling. Woodwind Quarterly 12: 7-10.
• Beekhuizen, P. (1980). Blokfluit commentaar (op BB-16-14). Bouwbrief 17.
• Beha Joof, L. (1985). Recorder voicing and tuning and use of the tuning machine. The American Recorder 26 (4): 155-159.
• Bergstrøm, T. (1999). Two more recorders for the music of van Eyck. Abstract of EUCHMI/Galpin Societ Conference, Edinburgh, July 1999. Describes two instruments from Scotland and Denmark.
• Bergstrøm, T. (1999). Technical drawings of musical instruments on the Internet. FoMRHI Quarterly 94, January. In Danish.
• Bergstrøm, T. (1998). Pörschmann-blokfløjten på Musikhistorisk Museum Beretning om en teknisk undersøgelse [The Pörschmann Recorder in Musikhistorisk Museum, Copenhagen: Report on a Technical Examination]. In Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp (ed.): Musikkens tjenere. Instrument, forsker, musiker. Jubilæumsskrift for Musikhistorisk Museum og Carl Claudius' Samling 1898-1998, Copenhagen 1998. English summary.
• Bemelmans, A. (1981). Het afwerken en opbergen van de buitenkant van een oude blokfluit. Bouwbrief 21.
• Benade, A.H. (1960). The physics of woodwinds. Scientific American 102 (4): 145-154.
• Benade, A.H. (1976). Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN: 0-486-26484-X.
• Bergstrøm Plan: Bass recorder, Bergstrøm. FoMRHI Quarterly 43: xx-yy.
• Bingham, T. (19??). Abrigements of Patent Specifications for Music and Musical Instruments A.D. 1694-1866. Tony Bingham, London.
• Bitters, D.L. (1981). Hand crafting recorders: A visit to the workshop of Clarence James. The American Recorder: 20(1): 72-73.
• Blezinger, S. (1998). Ganassi-Kynsekker-Bressan-Denner: Bauliche unterschiede und Ihre Auswirkungen auf die muikalische Praxis. " [Ganassi, Kynseker, Bressan, Denner: constructional differences and their consequences for musical practice.] Tibia 23 (1): 77-78; 23 (2): 158-159; 23 (4): 340-341.
• Blezinger, S. (2001) Stimmungskorrekturen an der Blockflöte: Teil 1. Windkanal 4: 12-15.[PDF format]
• Blezinger, S. (2001) Stimmungskorrekturen an der Blockflöte: Teil 2. Windkanal 1: 13-17. [PDF format]
• Bloodworth, D. (1992). A new design of bass recorder. The Recorder Magazine12(1): 3-5.
• Bloodworth, D. (1994) The Lockwood great bass recorder. Recorder Magazine 14 (1): 13.
• Boelens, B. (1980). Ervaringen met het corrigeren van te lage blokfluiten volgens Leen van Assendelft (Bouwbrief 15-16). Bouwbrief 17.
• Bolton, P. (1982). Les bois dont on fait les flûtes. [The woods of which recorders are made.] Flûte à bec 3: 13-15.
• Bolton, P. (1982-1983). Remplacer le bouchon de sa flûte à bec pour lui donner une nouvelle voix. Flûte à bec 4 (1982), 5 (1982) & 6 (1983).
• Bolton, P. (1984). La flûte à bec. Flûte à & instruments anciens 13/14: 2-3. Copies obtainable from the author at Le Grand Portail, F-84570, Villes-sur-Auzon, France.
• Bolton, P. (1984). Mesurer une flûte ancienne. Flûte à bec & instruments anciens 17: 12-16. Copies obtainable from the author at Le Grand Portail, F-84570, Villes-sur-Auzon, France.
• Bolton, P. (1996). Resonans – A tool for the woodwind designer. Woodwind Quarterly 11: 60-xx.
• Bolton, P. (1998). The electroacoustic recorder. Recorder Magazine 18 (1): 6.
• Bolton, P. (1999). Thomas Stanesby Junior's "True Concert Flute". Communication 1837. FoMHRI Quarterly 111: 19-22.
• Bolton, P. (2000). Van boom tot fluit. In Chevallier & Immerseel (2000: 113-120).
• Bolton, P. (2002. High f on the baroque alto recorder (further to Comms. 1742 & 1749). Communication 1790. FoMHRI Quarterly 106: 28-29.
• Bolton, P. (2005). XVIIth century recorder fingerings (Ganassi or pre-baroque). Recorder Magazine 25(1): 7-12.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1978). Enkele hulpmiddelen voor het maken van blokfluiten (binnen boring, verstelbare ruimer, binnen beitel, spinnekop, luchtspleet). Bouwbrief 10.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1978). Meetgegevens Terton alt blokfluit Haags Gemeentemuseum. Bouwbrief 11.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1980). Tekeningen: Correcties op bestaande blokfluit en traverso tekeningen. Bouwbrief 19.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1981). Blokfluit bouw: mijn belangrijkste fouten en de correcties. Bouwbrief 23.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1985). Tekeningen: van blokfluiten, traverso's en een hobo. Bouwbrief 37.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1985). Communication 641: The microwave way: drying boxwood fast and easy. FoMRHI Quarterly 40: 74-75
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1989). Maten van een barok alt blokfluit in moderne stemming (gebaseerd op een fluit van Thomas Stanesby). Bouwbrief 55.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1991). Communication 1037: The descriptions of the Dutch recorders in the collection of the Haags Gemeente Museum. Bouterse. FoMRHI Quarterly 63: xx-yy
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1991). Communication 1052: Dutch recorders and transverse flutes of the 17th and 18th century. (list of instruments, July 1991). FoMRHI Quarterly 64: xx-yy
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1993). Three baroque soprano recorders by Richard Haka: Instructions on how to make a copy. Woodwind Quarterly 1: 120-134.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1993). Drie barok sopraan blokfluiten van Richard Haka; tips voor het maken van een copie (uitgebreid). Bouwbrief 70.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1994). Vergroten en verkleinen van blokfluiten. Bouwbrief 73.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1994). Scaling and making new joints for recorders. Woodwind Quartely 4: 80-90.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1996). More on nitric acid staining. Woodwind Quarterly 10:12-xx.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1996). How accurate and understandable are measurements of Woodwind Instruments? FoMRHI Quarterly 83: 46-52.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1997). Communication 1501: Four baroque recorders at Sotheby's, November 1996. FoMRHI Quarterly 86: 31-35.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1997). Communication 1504: Review of Thomas Lerch's book: Vergleichende Untersuchung von Bohrungsprofilen historischer Blockfloten des Barock [Comparative research of bore profiles of historical baroque recorders]. FoMRHI Quarterly 87: 10-15.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Dordrecht sopraan blokfluit (cursus aankondiging). Boubrief 88
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Communication 1555: Short vs long foot recorders. FoMRHI Quarterly
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Alternative fingerings for long-foot baroque recorders. FoMRHI Quarterly 90: 26-29.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Communication 1569: The alto recorders of Steenbergen. FoMRHI Quarterly 91: 19-27.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1998). Plan: Alto recorder Steenbergen Groninger Museum (in C-1569). FoMRHI Quarterly 91: xx-yy.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (1999). Bespreking: Thomas Lerch: Vergelijkend onderzoek aan borings profielen van barok blokfluiten. Bouwbrief 95.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2000). Naar een nieuwe blokfluit. [Towards a new recorder.] Bouwbrief 97.
• Bouterse, J (?date). Die Blockflöte. Tips für Anschaffung und Pflege, Stimmkorrekturen und Reparaturen. Edition Moeck 4058, Celle. ISBN 3-87549-055-X.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2008). Fluitenbouw - Handleiding voor het Maken van Houtblaasinstrumenten. Published by the author, Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands. 350 pp. See here for more details.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2008). Twee eenvoudige blokfluiten en één dwarsfluitje. [Two simple recorders and a transverse flute.] Bouwbrief 128: 24-25.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2009). Jan Steenbergen and his oboes. Communication 1835. FoMHRI Quarterly 111: 5-15.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2009). Intoneren van blokfluiten, deel 1: op zoek naar de perfecte kopie; het probleem van het opmeten van kernspleten. [Recorder intonation, 1: Looking for the perfect copy, the problem of measuring bore dimensions.] Bouwbrief 134: 12.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2009). Intoneren van blokfluiten, deel 2: speurtocht naar de geheimen van de kernspleet. [Recorder intonation, 2: Quest for the secret to the window gap.] Bouwbrief 135: 4.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2009). Intoneren van blokfluiten, deel 2: bijlage – het maken van een kernspleet. [Recorder intonation, 2: How to make the windway.] Bouwbrief 135: 10.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2009). Recorder research: windway design – part 1; measurements, techniques of old recorders. Communication 1880. FOHMRI Quarterly 113: 26-35.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2010). Intoneren van blokfluiten, deel 3: welvingen van kernspleten van vijf alten van Bressan. [Recorder intonation, 3: Windway curvature in five Bressan altos.] Bouwbrief 136: 12.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2010). Intoneren van blokfluiten, deel 3: bijlage – aanbevelingen bij het maken van een Bressan-kopie. [Recorder intonation, appendix: Some tips on how to make a Bressan copy.] Bouwbrief 136 18.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2010). De altblokfluiten van Bressan: klank en stemming. [The alto recorders of Bressan: pitch and sound.] Bouwbrief 137: 12.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2010). Houtsoorten voor blokfluiten. [Wood for recorders.] Bouwbrief 139: 10.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2010). Bressan alto recorders: pitch and sound; and some tips to make a copy. Communication 1910. FOHMRI Quarterly 116: x.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2011). Over de maatvoering van de altblok- fluiten van Bressan, en het maken van een kopie. [On the dimensions of alto recorders of Bressan, and how to make a copy.] Bouwbrief: 140: 8.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2011). De altblokfluiten van Bressan; over het oplossen van enkele technische problemen en het maken van wisselstukken. [The alto recorders of Bressan, solving some technical problems in making copies.] Bouwbrief 142: 7.
• Bouterse, [M.C.]J. (2011). Alto recorders by Bressan. Communication 1929. FoMHRI Quarterly 118: xx-yy.
• Bowman, P. (1994). The birth of a truly contemporary recorder. Recorder Magazine 15(4): 126-127.
• Brown, A. (1997). Cuidado y Mantenimiento de la Flauta de Pico. 1^a parte. Revista de Flauta de Pico 8: 15-18 (1997).
• Brach, M. (1990). Communication 987: On three well-porportioned alto recorders. FoMRHI Quarterly 60: 35-40.
• Brach, M. (1990). Communication 1007: How to design a recorder. FoMRHI Quarterly 61: 40-47.
• Brach, M. (1993). Von der alten Kunst, 'auff allerhand Arth' Blockflöten zu entwerfen. [On the ancient art of designing recorders of 'sundry kinds'.] Tibia 18(4): 1993: 610-616.
• Brach, M. (1993). Abraham van Aardenberg's Zeichenmethode (blokfluiten). Bouwbrief 68.
• Broege, T. (2005). On the cutting edge: New types of "modern" recorders being developed. American Recorder 45(1): 41-43.
• Brown, A. (1989/2009). The Recorder: A Basic Workshop Manual. Dolce DOL 112, Brighton.
• Brown, A. (1998). Cuidado y mantenimiento de la flauta de pico. 2^a parte. Revista de Flauta de Pico 10: 17-21.
• Brown, A. (2005). Die "Ganassiflöte" – Tatsachen und Legenden. Tibia 4/2005.
• Brown, A. (2006). The Ganassi recorder: separating fact from fiction. American Recorder 47(5): 11-18.
• Bruns, M. (2005). Holz – Werkstoff für den Flötenbau. Tibia 2/2005.
• Burger, H-J. (2001). Synpor – oder die Kunst des Erfindens. Windkanal 2: 14-18(2001) [PDF format]
• Carmichael, C. (1999). Dynamics – and tremolo, too! Recorder Magazine 19(4): 131-133.
• Castillon, Fr. (1777). Art du faiseru d'instrument. In Diderot et D'Alembert, Encylopédie Méthodique. Paris.
• Catterall, C. (2000). An improved wooden bodied bore reamer. Communication 1731: 13-16. FoMRHI Quarterly.
• Chevallier, C. & J. van Immerseel (2000). Maatière et musique: The Cluny Encounter on Instrument Making and Restoration, Cluny 1999. Labo 19, Antwerp.
• Chiverton, R. (1996). Communication 1410: More reamers. FoMRHI Quarterly 82: 26.
• Clark, P. (1991). Eurobore. The Recorder Magazine 11(4): 115-117.
• Colebrook, A. (2001). Communication 1764: A synthetic finish for recorder bores. Colebrook. FoMRHI Quarterly 104: 16.
• Cook, G. (1997). Medieval Recorder. The Woodturner 1(4): 50-55. Nexus Special Interests Limited, Nexus House, Boundary Way, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 7ST, England, tel. +44 1442 266551, fax. +44 1442 266998. North American agents for Nexus are: Wise Owl Worldwide Publications, tel. +1 310-357-6258 or fax. (USA) +1 310-357-0548.
• Coune, C. (1997). Sur les chemins du baroque et du jazz . . . Le facteur de flˆtes à bec, Philippe Bolton, a créé une flûte électro- acoustique. <http://home.pi.be/~tor-4879/bolton.htm> Accessed 12 July 2003.
• Cranmore, T. (2009). Obedience Training for Recoders, a Care and Maintenance Manual. Peacock Press, Hebden Bridge. ISBN 978-1-904846-37-6.
• Damon (2010). Danger of spontaneous combustion using linseed oil. Communication 1928. FOMRHI Quarterly 117: xx-yy.
• Davidson, M. (1975). Observations on the relation between wood and tone quality in recorders. American Recorder 16(3): 88-90.
• Deerenberg, B. (1987). Verslag: Blokfluit bouw volgens 18^e eeuw principes (cursus Sverre Kolberg). Bouwbrief 46.
• Deitch, D. (1994). Repairing tenon sockets. Woodwind Quarterly 5: 55.
• Ders (1978). Zur Nachgeschichte und Renaissance der Blockflöte. Tibia 2/3: 13-20.
• Dessy, R. & L. (1992). The principles of recorder design explained. American Recorder 33(2): 7-14.
• Dessy, R. (1995). A Primer for acid wood staining. Woodwind Quarterly 9: 74-78.
• Dessy, R. (1995). More on Nitric Acid Staining. Woodwind Quarterly 10: 12-xx.
• Dessy, R. & L. (1996). Wood, oil & water. Woodwind Quarterly 11: 20-xx.
• Dessy, R. & L. (1996). Response to readers on 'Wood, oil & water'. Woodwind Quarterly 12: 18-24.
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