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Recorder Iconography

Compiled by Nicholas S. Lander



C

Jaume Cabrera (15th century), Spain

Giuseppe Antonio Caccioli

Italian frescoist and ceiling painter; born 1672, died 1740.

Giacinto Calandrucci (1646-1707), Italian

Italian painter and draughtsman, executed various decorative and mythological frescos as well as idyliic pastoral scenes, and altarpieces; born Palermo (1646), died Palermo (1707).

Jan Steven [Johannes Stephanus] van Calcar

North Netherlandish artist active in Italy; strongly influenced by Titian with whom his work is often confused; his chief claim to fame is his woodcut illustration of Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543), an anatomical text book; born Kalkar (1499), died Naples (1546/1550).

Jacques Callot

French engraver, etcher and draughtsman of prodigious output who combined the sophisticated techniques and exaggerations of late Mannerism with witty and acute observation; one of the chief exponents of the bizarre and grotesque, much in vogue in the reign of Louis XIII; born Nancy (1592/4); died 1635.

Dionys [Denijs, Denis, Dionisio Fiamingo] Calvaert [Caluwaert]

Italian painter whose oeuvre is composed almost exclusively of religious works ranging in size from vast altarpieces to small devotional pictures on copper; born Anversa (1540), died Bologna (1619).

Pier Paolo Calzolari (1943-)

Italian sculptor, working in textiles, clay, metal; an exponent of the Arte Povera movement which attempted to remove art from its pedestal, to design art with more simple and modest means and authentic materials, creating ephemeral works that strove for a new active inclusion of the viewer through actions and performances; born Bologna (1943).

Luca Cambiaso

Italian sculptor and painter of the school of Genoa; his works include biblical and classical subjects; born Moneglia, Genova (1527), died Madrid (1585).

Adam Camerarius (op. 1644-1685), Dutch

Domenico Campagnola

Italian painter and draftsman of German extraction who often passed his engravings, woodcuts and drawings off as Titians; his own prints are executed in an unusually flowing and sketchy technique and include enigmatic, pastoral themes; born ?Padua (before 1500), died Padua (1564); adopted son of Giulio Domenico (ca 1482-1516).

Giulio Campagnola

Italian painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving; praised by his contemporaries for his artistic gifts, his knowledge of Greek, Latin and Hebrew, and his skills as a musician, singer and lute-player; born Padua (ca 1482), died Venice (1516).

Pedro Campana or Petrus Campania or Companicusis or Peter Campener – see Peter de Kempener

Jacob van Campen [or Kampen]

Dutch architect, one of the leaders of a group of architects who created a restrained architectural style that was suited to the social and political climate of the Netherlands; born Haarlem (1595), died Huis Randenbroek, near Amersfoort (1657).

Peter Campener – see Peter de Kempener

Campi

Italian dynasty of painters from Cremona, active there and in Milan during the 16th century.

Bernadino Campi (1522-1591)

Italian artist of the Lombard school; painted portraits and church decorations; born Cremona (1522), died Reggio (1591); although not directly related to Galeazzo Campi (1477-1536) or his sons, he was an assistant to Giulio Campi (p. 1507-1573)

Giulio Campi

Italian architect and painter of the Lombard school who combined elements of the styles of Raphael and Coreggio and founded a school of his own at Cremona; his numerous paintings include portraits, classical and religious subjects; born Cremona (p. 1507), died Cremona (1573); son of the artist Galeazzo Campi (ca 1475-1536); son of Galeazzo Campi (1477-1536), brother of Antonio Campi (1523-1587) and Vincenzo Campi (1532-1591), all artists.

Peter Candid [Pietro di Pietro Candido, Pieter de Witte] (ca 1548-1628)

Netherlandish painter, tapestry designer and draughtsman, active in Italy and Germany; one of several Italian-trained Mannerist artists employed by the courts of Europe; the leading figure in Munich from 1600 to 1628; born Bruges (ca 1548), died Munich (1628).

Antonio Canova

Italian sculptor, painter, draughtsman and architect; the most influential sculptor of the Neoclassical movement who often combined a classicising format with a naturalistic presentation of features; he worked for a galaxy of European notables; born Possagno (1757), died Venice (1822).

Simone Cantarini, 'Il Pesarese'

Italian painter and engraver who developed a highly original style, which united aspects of Bolognese classicism with a bold naturalism; born Pesaro (1612), died Verona (1648).

Gustav Jakob Canton (1828-1885), German

Estella Canziani (1887-1964)

Italian-born artist working in England where she was an active member of the Folk-Lore Society; her works include portraits, landscapes, and illustrations drawn from fantasy and folklore; born Milan (1887), died London (1964); daughter of the fairy painter Louisa Starr.

Francesco Capella, called 'il Daggiù'

Italian painter; born Venice (1711), died Bergamo (1784).

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Italian painter of great originality and influence, regarded by many as an 'evil genius'; early works are usually small pictures of non-dramatic subjects, still-life, and a distinctly homo-erotic character; later works mainly large-scale religious pictures; born Caravaggio (1571); died Port Ercole (1609/1610).

Taborda Vlame Frey Carlos (fl.1517-1540), Dutch.

Giovanni Cariani = Giovanni Busi

Vittore Carpaccio

Italian painter, a specialist in teleri, the large narrative paintings on canvas which adorned the scuole – charitable confraternities characteristic of Venice; born Venice (1460/5), died Venice (1525/6).

Adriaen Carpentier (op. 1739-1778), French

Giulio Carpione [Carpioni]

Italian painter and etcher, known for religious mythological, allegorical paintings and decorative friezes, but his most original works are his small bacchanals, indebted to Titian and to Testa, whom he interpreted with wit and a melancholy charm; active predominantly in Verona, also in Venice and Padua; born Venice (1611), died Verona (1674).

Agostino Carracci

Italian (Bolognese) painter, engraver and draughtsman; the moving spirit of the Bolognese school; born Bologna (1557), died Parma (1602); brother of Annibale (1560-1609) and cousin to Lodovico (1555-1619).

Annibale Carracci

Italian (Bolognese) painter, draughtsman and printmaker, considered one of the greatest Italian painters of his age; his eclectic style is said to have rescued the great traditions of Italian art, from Giotto to Raphael, from the twin evils of Mannerism on the one hand and unbridled realism on the other; he painted in a number of genres including mythological, biblical and landscape scenes and caricature (of which he is said to have been the first exponent); born Bologna 1560, died Rome 1609; brother of the painter and printmaker Agostino (1557-1602), and cousin to the painter Lodovico (1555-1619).

Ludovico [Lodovico] Carracci

Italian painter, draghtsman, etcher and printmaker, noted for his religious compositions and for the art academy he helped found in Bologna in 1582, which helped renew Italian art in the wake of Mannerism; his later work became overblown and eccentric, displaying a curious ‘gigantism’; born Bologna (1555), died Bologna (1619); cousin to Annibale (1560-1609) and Agostino (1557-1602).

Michiel Carree

17th century Dutch artist active in Den Haag; son of Franziskus Carree.

Rosalba Giovanna Carriera

Italian artist specialising in miniature pastels and oils on ivory early in her career and later painting large pastel portraits, genre scenes about the lives of women and classic mythological scenes; born Venice (1675), died Venice (1757).

Cristoforo Caselli [Castelli] (da Parma) [called 'Il Temperelli' or 'Il Temperello"] (1461 – before 1520), Italian

Italian painter of religious works which were characterised by an individual narrative style; born Parma (ca 1461), died Parma (before 1521).

Nicola Casissa (op. 1730), Italian

Francesco Cassone (19th century), Italian

Bellerophonte [Bellerofonte] Castaldi

Italian theorbo player from Modena; born ca 1581, died 1649.

Abdón Castañeda

Spanish painter; born ca 1580, died Valencia (1629).

Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (by name Il Grechetto, French Le Benèdette)

Italian artist, equally at home on an intimate scale and in monumental works, in rustic, genre and in the grand manner; his works abound in animals; inventor of the monotype technique – a single print made from an unincised cooper plate painted in oils or printer's ink; born Genoa (1609), died Mantua (1670).

Castrucci Workshop (1590s – 1624)

Cosimo Castrucci was a Florentine artist and one of the earliest masters of the art of pietre dure stone-cutting which flourished in Florence well into the 18th century (and is still practised there today). His mosaics of semi-precious stones were avidly collected by the emperor Rudolf II whose patronage persuaded Castrucci’s son Giovanni to move to Prague, where he established a workshop to produce pietre dure pieces for the Rudolfine court.

Luigi Catani

Italian decorative painter and stuccoist; known for his monochrome depictions of historical and mythological themes; born Prato (1762); died 1840.

Sigismondo Caula

Italian artist; born Modena (1637), died ca 1694.

Louis de Caullery

Flemish artist; born ? Courtray (before 1582), died Antwerp (1621/22).

Bartolomeo Cavarozzi [del Crescenzi]

Italian painter, active also in Spain; born Viterbe (ca 1600), died Rome (1625).

Jules-Cyrille Cave

French artist working in Paris; painted genre scenes and flodra still-lifes; born 1859, died ca 1940.

Cecco del Caravaggio = Francesco Buoneri

Cenni di Francesco di Ser Cenni

Italian painter and manuscript illuminator, noted for his eclectic style, his use of perspective to create depth, his strong sense of narrative, and his often elongated figures; active 1369-1415.

Carlo Ceresa

Italian artist; known for his distinguished portraits, religious subjects; born San Giovanni Bianco, near Bergamo (1609), died Bergamo (1679).

Michelangelo Cerquozzi [Michelangelo delle Battaglie]

Italian painter of bambocciate (low-life subjects), battles, small religious and mythological works and still-lifes; born Rome (1602), died Rome (1660).

Giovanni [Gian] Domenico [Perugino, Cavaliere] Cerrini

Italian painter and draughtsman whose work is characterised throughout by clear and unitary composition, the almost statuesque postures of the figures, and a chiaroscuro softness; born Pérouse (1609), died Rome (1681).

Giacomo [Jacop] Ceruti [il Pitocchetto] (1698-1767), Italian

Italian painter, one of a group of artists working in Bergamo and Brescia who observed reality with an unusual freshness and directness; painted religious subjects and portraits but was most distinguished as a painter of genre and low-life scenes which included many pictures of beggars and vagabonds ( pitocchi), hence his nickname ‘il Pitocchetto’; born Milan (1698), died Milan (1767).

Amidano Giulio Cesare – see Sisto Rossa Badalocchio

Bartolomeo Cessi

Italian painter and draughtsman, possibly also a sculptor, known for his religious frescos and paintings in a sober devotional style; born Bologna (1556), died Bologna (1629).

Marc Chagall [Mark Zakharovich Shagal]

Russian-born artist, book-illustrator and designer of stained glass and theatrical costumes, active mainly in Paris and later in the USA; he combined images from the Jewish life and folklore of his native Russia with those from the Bible to create a highly distinctive style remarkable for its sense of fantasy; born Pestkovatik, Belorussia (1887), died Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (1985).

Thomas Chambars – see Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Jerome François Chantereau [Chanterau or Chantreau] (ca 1710-1757), French

Pierre Chapelle

French painter of ceramics, known principally for his celestial and terrestial spheres by Pierre Chapelle (1725), now at the Musée National de Céramique, Rouen.

Jeanne Norman Chase

Contemporary American (US) etcher, painter, printmaker working in California. Web Page

Chelsea Manufactory – see also Joseph Willems (1715-1766)

Joseph Christian (18th century), German

Joseph Christophe (1661-1748) – see Charles Le Brun (1619-1690)

Petrus Christus [or Cristus or Christophorus]

Flemish painter who became the leading painter in Bruges after the death of Jan van Eyck in 1441, and thus kept the late Gothic style alive in the Netherlands; born Baerle-Duc [now Baarle-Hertog] (ca 1410), died Bruges (1475-1476).

Kristen Cicilova

Comtemporary USAmerican graphic designer and illustrator studying at the Boston School of Arts; she is engaged in various projects for non-profit organisations. Artist's web-site.

Conte Carlo Cignani

Italian painter and draughtsman who bore the title of Conte and, it was said, 'always worked for glory, not for need’; the leading master in Bologna during the later decades of the 17th century; the gentle manner and reflective, intimate mood of his work marks a break with the more energetic style of earlier Bolognese classicism; born Bologna (1628), died Forlì (1719).

Lodovico Cigoli [Lodovico Cardi; il Cigoli]

Italian painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer; one of the most influential artists in 17th-century who introduced a new clarity and naturalism which led to the distinctively Florentine baroque style; born Castello di Cigoli, near San Miniato (1559), died Rome (1613).

Cima da Conegliano [Giovanni Battista]

Italian painter, named after the town of his birth; known for his quiet devotional scenes, often in landsape settings, in the manner of Giovanni Bellini; sometimes called 'the poor man's Bellini', but because of his calm and weighty figures he was also known in the 18th century as 'the Venetian Mascaccio'; born Conegliano (ca 1459), died ?Conegliano (1517/18).

Michelangelo Cinganelli (1580-ca 1635), Italian

Antonio Ciocci [Cioci] (op. 1722-ca 1792), Italian

Giacomo-Francesco Cipper (or Zippa), called 'Il Todeschino' [or 'Todeschini']

Austrian-born artist active in Italy; celebrated for his paintings of scenes from everyday life; born Feldkirch or Bregenz (?1664), died Milan (1736).

Pieter Claesz. or Claese (also called Pieter Claexz. van Haarlem)

Dutch painter who achieved a striking simplicity and atmospheric quality in still-life representations, many of which represent magnified sections of objects found 'accidentally' on the corner of a table, such as a knife, a plate of fruit, a piece of cut cake, or even a gutted fish; born in Burgsteinfurt, Westphalia (ca 1597/8), died Haarlem (1661).